RGB Components Color Images Encryption in FRT Ranges

RGB Components Color Images Encryption in FRT Ranges RGB Components Color Images Encryption in FRT Ranges Somayeh Komeylian Department of Tel-Communication Engineering, Islamic Azad University South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran Armin Mehrabian Department of Medical, Mashhad Medical Science University, Mashhad, Iran Saeed Komeylian Factory of graduated students, Department of Tel-Communication Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Latest works are doing on date encryption/color Image in optic range as well as Digital ranges. In this research, color Images encryption has been done by RGB components in FRT ranges for any kind of encryption random phase codes. Moreover, one single-part encryption method has been performed for color twin images. Encrypted twin RGB images by their color map converted to indexed format. One Algorithm used for incorporating two images in order to encrypt in FRT domain. Outlined Algorithm of 15entering parameter involved generally that random phases could be considered as keys for encryption. Unsuitable selection of any keys during encryption will have negative results. Presence of many keys help in building system thats intensely safe against unpermitted accessibility it could be seen that encrypted images were completely safe against unpermitted time accessibility that has false fractional commands in all three channels. Keywords: RGB Components; Color Images; Encryption. By developing Multimedia network, connection and publication techniques, tendency to send and gain Digital Date, especially images, extended a lot. Protecting individual and hiding things for permitted users and ensuring accessibility for legal Data and security considered as the most important subject in connections and image storage. One of the certain ways for immunity is encryption different optic methods recommended well for Digital methods and encrypting images. That consisted of good recognition of (DRPE) Double random phase encryption [1-3]. This method statistically uses Double Random phase in entrance and Fourier phase for input image encryption into a stationary white noise. This method generalization conducted toward fractional Fourier domain and then considerable help has been done by authors and researchers [7, 8]. In addition, many remarkable works are doing on date encryption/color Image in optic range as well as Digital ranges. In the other related works for color Im ages encryption, RGB color Image RGB components in FRT ranges used for any kind of encryption random phase codes and FRT fractional commands as keys [6]. Moreover, one single-part encryption method has been performed for color twin images [5]. Encrypted twin RGB images by their color map converted to indexed format. One Algorithm used for incorporating two images in order to encrypt in FRT domain. Mentioned Method is Single-part and permitted processing in a simple direction [4]. A. Definition of FRT Conventionally, The nth order FRT fn(xn) Of a function f(x) is calculated using integral transform kernel given by follow equation [4]. (1) Where (2) Moreover, X and xn represent the coordinate systems for the input (zero order) domain and the output (nth order) fractional domain respectively. The FRT is linear and has the property that it is index additive: (3) Where a and b are different fractional orders of the FRT. It is possible to extend the definition of the FRT order beyond  ±2 (4) Where m is an integer. B. Concept of Colored Indexed Images Colored image in our context is represented as fn(x. y), where   x and y are spatial coordinates and n denotes the index of primary color components (n=0, 1, 2) f0(x. y), f1(x. y) and f2(x. y) correspond to RGB color components respectively. A colored image con be viewed as a stack as a stack of RGB components forming a m-n-3 array, with each pixel as a triplet corresponding to the values of the primary color components. On the other hand, an indexed image consists of a data matrix and a color map matrix. The color map matrix is an m-3 array of class double containing floating point values in the range [0, 1], where m is a function of the color system and it defines the number of colors it defines. Each row of the color map matrix specifies the red, green, and blue components of a single color. An indexed image uses direct mapping of the pixel intensity values to color map values. The color of each image pixel is determined by using the corresponding value of the data matrix as a pointer into color map. Unlike a colored image (Which is a 3-D matrix), an indexed image is a 2-D array, and simplifies the encryption as the color map is uniquely defined for a given color system. The same can be extracted from the color image and only a 2-D indexed image can be encrypted. Thus the process of encryption and decryption can be carried out in a single channel similar to the gray scale images, and the colored image can be retrieved after adding the color map to the decrypted indexed image [4]. A. Recommended Encryption Algorithm Colored image in our context is represented as follow equation: (5) Where, x and y are spatial coordinates and n denotes the index of primary color components (n=0, 1, 2) f0(x. y), f1(x. y) and f2(x. y) correspond to red, green, and blue color components respectively. Each of these components is segregated and the input RGB image p(x, y), to be encrypted, is converted into its indexed format pi (x, y), by extracting the color map and with each of these components are added. Each of these components encrypted independently using fractional Fourier encryption. The schematic of the proposed encryption technique is shown in Figure (1). The colored image to be encrypted is decomposed in red, green, and blue components and each of these components are combined with indexed image pi (x, y), and each component is multiplied with random phase functions ÃŽ ¦r1(x, y), ÃŽ ¦g1(x, y), and ÃŽ ¦b1(x, y). The random functions used above are statistically independent of each other. The FRT with different fractional orders along each spatial coordinate is performed for all the color components i. e (arx, ary) for red, (agx, agy) for green, and (abx, aby) for blue respectively. The transformed primary color images are then multiplied with three random phase functions ÃŽ ¦r2(u, Ï…), ÃŽ ¦g2(u, Ï…) and ÃŽ ¦b2(u, Ï…) in the fractional domain, where u and Ï… denote the coordinates in the respective fractional domain. Another FRT is performed subsequently on these images independently with different fractional orders along each spatial coordinates i.e. (brx, bry) for red (bgx, bgy) for green and (bbx, bby) for blue, in order to obtain the encrypted images for each of the three color components. In the final step, these three encrypted image are combined to get the colored encrypted image e(x, y). Figure 1: The color image encryption algorithm B. Recommended Decryption Algorithm The decryption process is described in Figure (2). The encrypted image is first decomposed into three primary color components. FRT of fractional orders (-brx, -bry), (-bgx, -bgy) and (-bbx, -bby) are calculated for the red, green, and blue color components, respectively and are subsequently multiplied with random phase functions ÃŽ ¦*r2(u, v), ÃŽ ¦*g2(u, v), and ÃŽ ¦*b2(u, v) in the fractional domain, where * denotes complex conjugate. In the next step, the FRTs of the fractional orders (-arx,-ary) for red, (-agx,-agy) for green- and (-abx,-aby) for blue-color images are calculated. Furthermore, indexed image pi (x, y) is segregated and finally these three components color images are combined to get the decrypted image. Figure 2: The color image decryption algorithm Figure (3a) is the main Image of globe and our main Image that will be encrypted. Figure (3b) is lena picture that would be index image incorporated with the main image. P(x,y) that has been shown in Figure (3b), and index image has been shown in Figure (3c) and finally encrypted image resulted as Figure (3d). Now, in encryption process, we must arrange it like this and see that encrypted image of globe will be as follows after separation. Figure 3: The Result of encryption In the previous part, observed results of encryption and decryption. Outlined Algorithm of 15entering parameter involved generally that random phases could be considered as keys for encryption. Unsuitable selection of any keys during encryption will have negative results. Presence of many keys help in building system thats intensely safe against unpermitted accessibility it could be seen that encrypted images were completely safe against unpermitted time accessibility that has false fractional commands in all three channels. References   P. Refregier, B. Javidi, (1995), Double random Fourier plane encoding, Opt. Lett. 20(1): 767-778. B. M. Hennelly, J. T. Sheridan, (2003), Image encryption and the fractional Fourier transform, Optik, 114(2): 6-15. B. M. Hennelly, J. T. Sheridan, (2003), Double random fractional Fourier plane encoding, Optik, 114(1): 251-262. M. Joshi, K. Singh, (2007), Color image encryption and decryption for twin images in fractional Fourier domain, Optics Communications, 281(1): 5713-20. M. Joshi, K. Singh, (2007), Color image encryption and decryption using fractional Fourier transform, Optics Communications, 279(1):35-42. Z. Liu, S. Li, (2007), Double image encryption based on iterative fractional Fourier transforms, Optics Communications, 275(1): 324-329. Y. Wang, S. Zhou, (2011), A Novel Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Fractional Fourier Transform, IEEE, 978(1): 4244. X. Feng, X. Tian, Sh. Xia, (2011), A Novel Image Encryption Algorithm Based On Fractional Fourier Transform and Magic Cube Rotation, IEEE, 978(1): 4244-9306

Critique Zara’s strategy based upon an evaluation of the external and internal environments facing Zara.

Introduction Using your evaluation of the external and internal environments facing Zara, you are asked to critique Zara’s stated strategy of expansion into (Eastern) Europe and Asia. Consider whether the strategy is feasible, suitable and acceptable. In your answer, consider both the likely benefits as well as challenges that Zara is going to face. How does the emphasis on online expansion fit into the company’s international strategy? Zara opened its first store in 1975 in La Coruna, located in northwest Spain. International expansion of the Zara brand began with the opening of a store in Oporto in 1988. By the end of January 2006, Zara was operating in 59 countries with 852 stores: 664 stores in Europe (including 259 in Spain), 100 in America, 45 in the Middle East and Africa and 31 in Asia. Foreign sales accounted for 69% of the company’s turnover in the year 2005, with Europe being the biggest market so far. This paper critiques Zara’s strategy of expansion into ( Eastern) Europe and Asia, based upon an evaluation of the external and internal environments facing Zara. The decision for global expansion is due to both push and pull factors. The push factors are those which encouraged the organization to search for international opportunities. The pull factors include attractive situations in the host market . Limited market growth opportunities at home were major influences in the decision to expand internationally. With the opening of their first store, Zara discovered that for some, the Spanish fashion and design market was on verge of saturation. Key pull factors included the entry of Spain into the European Union. The globalization of the world’s economies, the economy of scale to be made and the similarities of consumer spending patterns was an additional pull factor. Strategy is feasible, suitable and acceptable The internationalization of Zara seemed to follow the classic stage model by first entering the culturally or geographica lly closest market prior to taking chances in a more distant market. This method aided the company’s learning curve. These stages include: †¢ Reluctance as well as trial: Zara focused their expansion on the domestic market. The maturity of the Spanish market led Zara to search for international opportunities. Expansion into Portugal was seen as an attractive as well as familiar market because of their geographical and cultural proximity to Europe. †¢ Cautious expansions: During this stage Zara expanded into markets with geographical and psychological proximate as well as with minimum levels of socio-economic developments by adding one or two countries each year to their market portfolio. Zara then began operating in France’s fashion capital, with sights on the geographical contiguous EU and points for later expansions in Northern Europe, including Belgium and Sweden. Benefits as well as challenges that Zara is going to face Zara owns many stores in Europe and Asia; international expansion has been adopted by way of three separate entry modes: †¢ Subsidiaries: This direct investing strategy is a very expensive method of entering and it involves a high level of quality management control as well as business risk. Zara adopted such strategy for European as well as Asian countries, which had been perceived for having high growth potential along with low business risks. †¢ Joint venturing: This is a cooperative strategy where manufacturing facilities and a know-how of local companies have been combined with expertise in foreign companies in the same market, particularly in large, competitive markets where it is difficult to acquire property for setting up retail outlets and where there have been the other types of barriers which need cooperation with a local firm. †¢ Franchisee: This strategy has been chosen for high-risk countries that are culturally different and have little market opportunities along with a low sale forecas t. Franchisees of Zara follow a similar business pattern to their subsidiaries regarding product, store location, interior design, and logistics, as well as human resources. When an entry mode has been decided for a specific country, Zara has followed patterns of the expansion called in company as oil stain. Experience guides Zara in these stages of expansions in each country. Emphasis on online expansion fit into the company’s international strategy Experience gained in international environments made Zara intent on rapid global expansion, with regard to the cultural and geographic proximate. Zara consolidated its position in the European market as a method of gaining a foothold in the new countries. Due to the expansion of the European Union, at the start of the year 2006, Zara was operating in 59 countries with 800 stores, with plans to add many more in countries such as Italy, France, Germany and Great Britain, with Asia as the headquarters of international operations. References Alexander, N. (1995b). Internationalisation: interpreting the motives, in McGoldrick P. and Davies, P., International retailing: trends and strategies. London: Pitman Publishing. Johanson, J. a.-P. (1975). The internationalisation of the firm four Swedish case studies. Journal of Management Studies, 12 , 305-322. Martinez, J. (1997). Jose Maria Castellano. Economistas, 73 , 118-126.

The Most Forgotten Fact About Describe Yourself Essay Sample Uncovered

The Most Forgotten Fact About Describe Yourself Essay Sample Uncovered What You Need to Do About Describe Yourself Essay Sample Before It Is Too Late Non-probability samples, where the probability of selecting a member may not be calculated. As its name suggests, purposive sampling usually means the researcher selects participants in line with the criteria he's set. To begin with, it's used while the researcher would like to examine subgroups within a population. The researcher has control over the subgroups which are included in the sample, whereas simple random sampling doesn't guarantee that any 1 form of person is going to be included in the last sample. Even if a data analysis draws its chief conclusions employing inferential statistics, descriptive statistics are usually also presented. Mistakes made in choosing and using sampling fractions could cause a stratum that's overrepresented or underrepresented, causing skewed outcomes. Notice a sampling frame is not quite as large as the population, but it's still a fairly massive group of individuals. 1 primary disadvantage of stratified sampling is that it may be difficult to recognize suitable strata for a study. How to Get Started with Describe Yourself Essay Sample? Describing your very first wedding ceremony or gig with the audio band isn't the best idea. At times, you know yourself worse than people around you so that you're able to trust them. Attempt to think of as many different sorts of relationships you have with people as friends you've known for a little while or only recently met, etc.. Furthermore, active people like to be around friends and in order to get friend s, you ought to be friendly. The main reason why I do regular exercise is to enhance my physical wellness or to keep a wholesome lifestyle through my lifetime. The whole number of individuals in any certain country can likewise be a population size. The top has become the most common price. You may write virtually all sort of combination of test cases. It is preferable to find professional writing assistance from the corresponding support. It is often as large or as small as it is possible to think about! What You Must Know About Describe Yourself Essay Sample There are different arguments, but the most efficient argument against the death penalty for a deterrent for violent crime seems to be the simple fact that crime has not. An introduction is the surface of the applicant. The structure of private statement is a lot simpler. As a consequence, it's of fantastic value to use not only words but also five principal senses if you want to create a productive paper. To aid you in getting started, have a look at the sample job descriptions below. Just state the facts, and allow the reader decide whether to contact you. This description of the sample is known as the sample characteristics which might be shown in a table or the narrative of the guide. So, in the event the study is all about male college freshmen, the sample ought to be a little proportion of males that fit this description. Introducing Describe Yourself Essay Sample It is preferable to begin writing as soon as you're assigned the job. On the flip side, in the event that you made a fantastic choice, focus on what influenced you to make that decision and the way it has changed you. An individual can say that I've an extremely complicated nature. Proceed to the section with terrific topic suggestions to discover new and time-tested examples. The New Angle On Describe Yourself Essay Sample Just Released As soon as you have answered that question, you are prepared to go. For instance, you can open to your favourite quote or a joke. You should have your reasons, and our principal concern is that you find yourself getting an excellent grade. A very simple handshake can demonstrate precisely how friendly someone is. Remember you're on a quest on how best to write essay describing yourself, you wish to leave a positive impression. Therefore, when asked to compose an essay, especially a personal essay, it's important for the writer to concentrate on a specific facet which will guide or dictate the stream of the full essay. Again, you don't have to include all you write here, in your primary essay. Before you commence writing a descriptive essay about a man or before you choose to cover essays writing, it is crucial to read several templates of well-structured papers. If you don't have an idea what an essay depicting your person should include, you might get inspired by somebody else. While at it, you also ought to think of the words you will utilize to describe yourself. After reading the helpful strategies and many examples, a writer may get a better knowledge of the methods to prepare a strong personal statement. Essayist the event a narrative essay about yourself in 1 word.

The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights - 1826 Words

For decades, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights has been used as an overall basis for the rights every human is enabled to, no matter their differences. Without a doubt, there are several countries that violate this declaration and have no respect for their citizens’ rights. Many may agree that Pakistan is among the numerous countries that don’t take the steps to make sure that every man and woman is enabled to these rights. In recent years, Pakistan has discriminated against their own citizens, whether it be because of their religion, gender, or even caste, which violated Article 2 of the declaration. In addition, Article 16, or the right of someone to marry who they please and have the right to raise a family has also been violated thousands of times, whether it be by the government, a citizen’s village, or even his/hers own family. The right to have good working conditions and pay, which is Article 23, has also been violated by Pakistan, as many adults and children alike have faced work brutality. As a result of these numerous violations, it is clear that Pakistan does not follow Articles 2,16, and 23, and therefore this country violates the Declaration of Human Rights. Undoubtedly, Pakistan has violated Article 2 of the declaration by discriminating against their own citizens in numerous ways. One example of people being discriminated against is when a caste was denied assistance because of their caste, The scheduled caste Hindus (Dalits) were deniedShow MoreRelatedThe Universal Declaration Of Human Rights1728 Words   |  7 Pagespeople. Culture can impede progress and leave women, minorities and other sub-sects of a society without the basic human rights that they deserve. Clinging too close to culture can be dangerous. 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Communication Within The Family Context - 1224 Words

This essay is about communication within the family context, this consist of mental health issues, depression, anxiety, and the difficulties that had occurred along the way which included a lot of negativity responses from my daughter, I will analyse this towards Kaye’s (2014) Matryoshka dolls that will relate to adult communication management, and to further explore other communication aspects that relate to communication. I had realised that depression and anxiety were starting to arise in my daughter, when she was beginning secondary school as she was under great stress to change schools, as she was safe at primary school and did not feel safe beginning of secondary school, I had to work out some strategies to manage her stress, I needed to have a strong understanding to work out the difficulties that my daughter would face and to attempt to put the negative communication into positive, as she was always putting things in a negative context. The problems with negative communication is to communicate effectively, as my daughter would be argumentative and very critical of my positive communication, (Bacal, 2015) suggests that a person that communicates negativity always provides the other person with criticism, and provides causes why this and that doesn’t work and they will always tend to put holes into your suggestions and reasons, which this kind of communication can be very challenging. The steps I had to proceed was to reflect my thinking, according to (Thompson Show MoreRelatedMedia Use and Media Consumption in the Home Environment Essay1472 Words   |  6 Pagesreception is a critical area of focus and research when approaching media audiences. It is dependent on the context of viewing, making media use and media consumption within the home environment and other contexts an interesting area of study. 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To what extent and in what ways is Fitzgerald purely critical of Gatsby Free Essays

string(46) " off as much of his material worth as he can\." Dreams are a large part of â€Å"The Great Gatsby†, both in the wider sense and in terms of individuals, and Gatsby is the character whose dream is focussed on the most. It is difficult to tell what Fitzgerald truly thinks, due to the fact that he uses Nick as the narrator – meaning the reader finds it hard to separate their feelings. However, by looking at how he presents the characters in the novel, and the society as a whole, we can perhaps see what Fitzgerald thinks about Gatsby’s dreams in the novel. We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent and in what ways is Fitzgerald purely critical of Gatsby? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Fitzgerald’s views are presented ambiguously in the novel, with the comparison to the rest of society being the main point against the title views, and the presentation of Daisy and materialism perhaps being the main arguments to support the statement in the title. One way in which Fitzgerald shows his views to the reader is in his presentation of Gatsby’s dream itself, otherwise known as Daisy. From the beginning of the novel, she is presented by Fitzgerald as a rather annoying, simple character who seems to have very few redeeming qualities about her other than her looks. From her simple and repeated dialogue â€Å"Do you always watch for the longest day of the year and then miss it? I always watch for the longest day of the year and then miss it†, the reader is made to feel that Daisy has very little substance to her character, with the exception of her â€Å"low, thrilling† voice. Despite the reader having a screen in front of Fitzgerald’s viewpoint in terms of Nick as the narrator, who clearly Fitzgerald intends to show as somewhat drawn to Daisy, we are still able to see that the only characteristics of Daisy’s that are praised seem to be superficial. Therefore, when we are told that this woman has been Gatsby’s dream and who he has built his life around for the past five years, it perhaps makes us question whether Fitzgerald is trying to portray Daisy as worthwhile of this dedication. This doubt arises I feel that if Fitzgerald was applauding Gatsby’s dream of Daisy, he perhaps may have presented her as a more likeable, intelligent character with qualities that could easily be admired universally. As a result of this portrayal of Daisy, I believe it shows Fitzgerald to be mainly critical of Gatsby and his dream. However, this could depend on the era that the individual is based in – readers today could find Daisy as more of an annoyance due to the change in women’s roles, in that today women are far more independent and take far more responsibility than they did in the 1920’s. Daisy’s apparent simple nature may therefore annoy modern readers more than in the past as we are less able to understand that this was how women were expected to be in the 1920’s. Nevertheless, even taking these time changes into account I believe that Fitzgerald still intended Daisy to appear perhaps lacking in typical good qualities to highlight a potential point about Gatsby’s dream. However, Daisy’s apparent lack of appeal as a character could be used by Fitzgerald to portray Gatsby’s dream in a better light, if we look from the angle of his loyalty to Daisy. The way that Gatsby has stayed so faithful and loyal to his dream to be with Daisy, despite (in our eyes) the fact that she is not worth it, could show that Fitzgerald is praising his dream as a cause of this admirable quality in Gatsby’s character. This would go against the statement that Fitzgerald is purely critical of his dreams, as it would imply that they bring out the best in people. However, the other interpretation of Gatsby’s loyalty could support the title statement, as Fitzgerald at times implies that Gatsby is foolish for holding on to the memory of Daisy, and building her up to such a high status in his mind. An example of this is when Fitzgerald writes â€Å"and forever wed his unutterable visions to her perishable breath†. Although it is implied that it is Gatsby who says the words, I still believe it shows Fitzgerald’s dislike of Gatsby’s attitude towards Daisy by making the phrase so exaggerated – it implies that he is blinded by his past perceptions of her, in addition to the actual phrase that seems to imply Gatsby is foolish for putting all his hopes into someone who could leave him. I believe that in this way Fitzgerald is criticising Gatsby’s dream because of how he holds it in his mind and how it affects him. Another aspect that could show that Fitzgerald is critical is how he links Gatsby’s dream of Daisy to material objects and status. Throughout the novel, he creates the impression that these two things are intertwined in Gatsby’s mind with his dream of being with Daisy. He describes her voice as â€Å"full of money†, and shows off his house to her, lingering on his wardrobe with the â€Å"pile of shirts [†¦ ] in many coloured disarray†. The first quote shows how Gatsby links Daisy with money in his mind, and as a result of this Fitzgerald makes the reader question whether it is really Daisy he wants or if it is the social status that she represents to him. The close link to materialism in his dream can also be seen in the section where Gatsby shows Daisy his shirts, where he is literally trying to prove himself to her using what he owns. They are even described as a â€Å"rich heap†, which I believe could be a play on words by Fitzgerald – obviously â€Å"rich† in terms of the colours of the shirts, but also literally â€Å"rich† as perhaps this is what the shirts mean to the characters. The description is also given as a list – the frequent repetition of the word â€Å"and† in the paragraph also implies that Gatsby is showing off as much of his material worth as he can. You read "To what extent and in what ways is Fitzgerald purely critical of Gatsby?" in category "Papers" I think both of these things are a criticism of Gatsby’s dream by Fitzgerald, as it seems as if he is trying to say that this love he has had for Daisy all these years is really fuelled by status and money – a criticism because it therefore becomes even less of a worthwhile dream. It also appears to be critical as these links would imply that Gatsby has spent all this time chasing after a somewhat empty dream, as he has money and a certain amount of status in his community. It could also give the impression that Fitzgerald feels that Gatsby may never feel that his dream has been completely fulfilled if it is status that he wishes to have. This point could be linked to Fitzgerald’s overall views about dreams in America at that point, as he could be trying to say that these people who think that material objects and status will make them happy (perhaps those people who were or are enticed by a vision of the American Dream) will never be truly happy as there will always be somebody richer, more popular or at a higher status than themselves. If the reader links this point to Fitzgerald’s feelings about Gatsby’s dream, it would indicate that he is critical of it for the most part. A second quote that could show that Fitzgerald is critical of this intense build-up of dreams is on page 93; â€Å"No amount of fire or freshness can challenge what a man can store up in his ghostly heart†. I believe that this quote is Fitzgerald telling the reader that what is there in reality can never match our dreams – in Gatsby’s case, that the real life Daisy can never live up to the image he has stored of her in his heart and mind, the realistic approach being represented by the â€Å"fire† and â€Å"freshness†. Again, I believe that this is also referring to dreams in general, and how it is so often the case that dreams are not always so amazing in reality, and can often disappoint – and could perhaps be a specific reference to the â€Å"American Dream† and how, for many people, this is not as amazing as it is built up to be when achieved. This seems critical from Fitzgerald, both of Gatsby’s dream and of dreams universally as he appears to be making the point that dreams are often built up and aimed too high – perhaps giving false hope. Although there are many aspects throughout the book that indicate Fitzgerald is solely critical of Gatsby’s dream, by giving us the comparison to the rest of the East Coast society, parts of the novel seem to be suggesting that this is not the case. Throughout the novel, the residents of the East and West Eggs have been presented by Fitzgerald as very materialistic – living for objects, and trivial gossip, rather than people or feelings. Mrs Wilson describes how she knew Mr Wilson wasn’t right for her when she discovered he had â€Å"borrowed somebody’s best suit† to get married in – showing the focus on objects rather than feelings in the society. Therefore, amongst the gossiping and whispering (for example at Gatsby’s parties), to have Gatsby focused on someone and loyal to someone for an extended period of time makes for a very refreshing comparison. Fitzgerald is therefore showing to the reader how having dreams can make you a better person, and almost more real in comparison to the rest of the society, which has been portrayed as somewhat fake by Fitzgerald. In this sense, it would go against the statement that Fitzgerald is purely critical of Gatsby’s dream, as this seem to be a positive side to his dreams. Another element of the novel that could be seen to contradict the title statement is also a comparison between Gatsby and the rest of the East Coast society. We are shown throughout the novel how many of the residents do not seem to care about anything, anyone or consequences of their actions. An example of this is Jordan, who confesses to Nick that she feels she can avoid being careful whilst driving because â€Å"other people will keep out of† her way. This shows a disregard for the consequences of her actions and of other people and can be seen to be representative of many of the upper class people on the East Coast – expecting everyone else to comply with the rules and regulations but disregarding them themselves. Again, in this way Gatsby is definitely a contrast – he obviously cares about something, which is the first main difference that I believe Fitzgerald wants us to see. In addition to this, Gatsby has been shown to think very carefully about the consequences of his actions – for example when he re-enters Nick’s house after Daisy arrives to make it appear as if he has not been waiting. Whilst this could be seen as somewhat calculating, I believe Fitzgerald intended it as another comparison to the rest of society, as it again uplifting for the reader to see that at least one character is concerned about the effect his actions might have on others. This once more shows that the effect of Gatsby having a bigger dream and ambition in his life has led to him seemingly being portrayed as a better person. This aspect of the comparison would also contradict the title statement, as to me it seems that Fitzgerald wished for this positive difference to be shown – meaning that he would not be purely critical of Gatsby’s dreams. A view that Fitzgerald seems to put across to contradict the belief that he is purely critical is when he links dreaming and dreams to vitality and life. More than once in the novel he describes Gatsby in terms of the life Daisy seems to give him – describing the â€Å"colossal vitality† of his dream and the two of them as â€Å"possessed by intense life†. Both of these quotes seem to imply that Fitzgerald dreaming is natural, and is almost what makes you human. More specifically, the way that Fitzgerald implies that reaching his dream has given Gatsby life makes it seem as if we are completed by our dreams and that finally having Daisy in his life has completed Gatsby. Considering that Gatsby has already what many people might dream of – a lot of money and a mansion, the fact that it has taken his sentimental dream based on feelings and love to give him life seems a very positive view from Fitzgerald. It also links to the earlier comparison between Gatsby and the rest of the East Coast society that we view, as this clearly shows that Gatsby puts more emphasis on emotions and feelings than many of the other people. These quotes from the book could possibly be taken as negative, as it could perhaps be seen as somewhat pathetic that Gatsby relies on somebody else (and, as mentioned earlier, particularly Daisy) to complete his happiness, meaning that Fitzgerald would perhaps view Gatsby as foolish. However, I believe that the way Fitzgerald has tried to make Gatsby’s dreams and feelings seem more natural are a direct pointer to how dreaming is a part of human nature, and as such, he is not criticising Gatsby’s dream at this point. Due to Fitzgerald’s seeming disregard for Daisy in the novel, I believe that he is critical of Gatsby’s dream to be with her. However, I believe the other aspects of his presentation linking to dreams in a wider context prevent this view from seeming as if he is purely critical of it – the way that he suggests dreams are important to human nature and separate Gatsby from the crowd imply that Fitzgerald finds dreaming admirable, to an extent. For him to be purely critical I believe that he would have to feel purely critical of dreaming in general, which I believe not to be the case. Therefore, I believe the conclusion that Fitzgerald is critical to an extent is far more feasible and takes into account the more positive aspects of dreaming that he seems to incorporate and believe in. How to cite To what extent and in what ways is Fitzgerald purely critical of Gatsby?, Papers

Organisational Behavior for Job Satisfaction - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theOrganisational Behaviorfor Job Satisfaction and Emotions. Answer: Introduction In this report, an organizational behavior (OB) study is carried out for analyzing the behavior of individuals or groups or organizations. It assists in analyzing the employees motivational method, job satisfaction, emotions, psychology, attitude and personality displayed in his or her job life (Bauer and Jenny 2014). With reference to the case study, it has been noted that Big Energy being a market leader in the private sector, took over XYZ Energy, a key public sector energy company. Big energy has the opportunity of influencing their new employees by knowing their behavior, personality, attitude, etc. This specific study has an objective of comprehending the influence of the integration model used by Big Energy while procuring XYZ Energy on the basis of overall values, attitudes and behavior of the individuals as well as the groups existing in the XYZ organization. It has been used for assessing the behavior of both groups, along with the distinct performance in the organization. This distinct study has been carried out with the help of the following steps: Analysis of the influence of the integration model that has been followed by Big Energy while acquiring XYZ Energy on the basis of the overall, values, attitudes and behavior affected by individual personality. Provision of recommendations for helping in motivating employees and helping in the development of good teams. Prior to going into the detailed analysis of the case, there must be a clear idea about the scope of organizational behavior: Motivation of employees Influence of personality on performance Creation of effective teams (Pinder 2014) Discussion Impact on attitude, behavior and values After the procurement of XYZ Energy by Big Energy, the chief executive and other functional business members were considered unnecessary, which made the employees of the XYZ Company feel demoralized and apprehensive regarding allowing to scuffle for their job based on their importance. Therefore, the approach of the employees began changing and the companys attrition rate rising high. Behavior of the employees for their organization began changing due to their morale decreasing. Loyalty in the direction of the companys growth constituted XYZ organizations value that started decreasing because of the effect of the model of integration. The workers became irritated as no attention was paid by the management to the wellbeing of the personnel and concentrated just on the integration procedure instead of the work quality and long term profit. There are two theories based on which organization behavior can be defined: Micro organizational behavior theory:this theory is related to the behavior and conduct of an individual and group dynamics inside a workplace (Miner 2015). Macro organizational behavior theory: This theoryis related to the whole organization and even to industries, including their way of operating and their strategies, incidents and frameworks that direct them (Miner 2015). The values of the two organizations, Big Energy and XYZ organization did not orchestrate between the employees and their supervisors, which ultimately went on to have a bearing on the relational associations and on the efficiency of managerial leadership. The integration of the businesses had a serious influence on the staffs as their development and progress was at risk and the inspiration was at its lowest. Therefore, the minute Sally attempted to reason it had no outcome and employees began to dispense one after another. Administrative services of the management at Big Energy are doubtful. The management at the organization severely was short of in human relations skills, in which department they were deficient in the capacity of interacting effectively with the employees of the newly acquired organization. The study of this particular paper is based on the macro organizational theory. One more key point of organizational behaviour is culture. Organizational behaviour hugely depends on its culture. A companys corporate culture is difficult to recognize, but it is extremely important that how the organizations behave (Alvesson 2012). After XYZ Energy was bought by Big Energy, things took a turn for XYZ, but not in a good way. It has always been observed that at the time of mergers and acquisitions the behavior and culture of two organizations are added for creating a business ambience that has the capacity to strengthen or demoralize the success of an organization (Weber and Yedidia Tarba 2012). In the context of XYZ Energy and Big Energy, operative from inside the companys technique, both the management from Big Energy and the employees from XYZ Energy are facing trouble in recognizing the models of behaviour and the way the arrangements can deeply have an influence on the performance of the company. The most important component of any organization is its human resource or the employees as they build up the inner societal system of the organization. They are the ones who have built up the organization and exists for attainment of the organizational objectives. The organizations are existing for serving these peo ple. The employees of an organization are one vital resource that requires a lot of attention and needs to be managed carefully (Bratton and Gold 2012). The employees of XYZ were not provided with proper attention and importance, which in turn decreased their enthusiasm and morale for working under the name of Big Energy. The main cause of the problem in the merged organization is that Big Energy could not establish any association with the scope of the organizational behaviour. Recommendations It is to be noted that Big Energy failed in a lot of cases. Some of them are: Recognizing the feelings of the remaining workers Evaluating and assessing the consequences of the happening integration Inspecting the ideas by which the approach and behaviour of the workers can possibly be altered. The upper level of organization hugely needed intangible skills. Many theorists have offered models of organizational behaviour that were not put to use by the management of Big Energy. Therefore, it can be understood that there are numerous concerns in the newly integrated association that had a destructive influence on the public, which ultimately made them resign from the company. Big Energy had a wish of moving the remaining staffs just afterward the integration of the central operations were over. Big Energys integration model just concentrated on the competitive advantage of the company in terms of making long term profits. It concentrated on the speed of integration instead of quality, which ultimately could not lead them to success in the attainment of innovative procedure of system and operations and further demotivated the employees remaining in the organization (Bolman and Deal 2017). It is commended for Big Energy to turn back to the behavioral model of organizational proficiency that evaluates the presentation of the managerial skills and knowledge on the people for examining behaviour of teams of an individual. Meanwhile they must also conduct the study of OB so that comprehension of behavior and personality can be taken care of for supporting performance (Patel, Messersmith and Lepak 2013). An organization is made by its employees, their value system and their confidence and belief in leadership. It is important that Big Energy understand the nature of the organization and accordingly takes decision. Moreover, they must also investigate the atmosphere in the organization at the time of change and even the employee requirements so that they can make use of the model that best suits the organization for getting better results. Some of the most commended models that are best suitable for the integrated association are: Supportive Model: It hinge on extremely on leadership. Executives of Big Energy must have buttressed and backed the remaining staffs for performing fine in their job. It was important that they should have adjusted well with one another and assisted the workers in developing their skills. Performance would have been better stimulated and better outcomes acquired (Michel, Kavanagh and Tracey 2013). Collegial Model: In this model the management and employees must work together in a cooperative manner and complete their task. In this regard, everyone must labor in an organized manner as a team, having equivalent energy, responsibility and willpower for their errands. Big Energy must give an attempt in infusing the zeal in the remaining workers so that they do not get disheartened with the integration and nicely accomplish while contending with each other for acquiring the best results (Scott and Davis 2015). Autocratic Model: The base of this model is power, responsibilities and roles, relative with the employees working at Big Energy and the new employees who joined from XYZ Energy. It is the right of every employee to have some amount of power or authority by which they can work and contribute to the organization. If the authorities of an organization do not pay attention to both their old and new employees, then there are chances of adversity growing for the long run of organizational programs and jobs (Hurrell et al. 2013). Following McGregors Theory Y is also a recommendation for Big Energy in relation to the case study. Big Energy needs to work on improving the morale of their employees for motivating them to perform better. Big energy must also attempt at improving the value system, organizational culture for the employees to work comfortably and securely (Mohamed and Nor 2013). Conclusion The major test that Big Energy faces is choosing the best model and examining its efficiency that would be best suitable for the newly integrated organization. The recommended models would offer the contentment of the employee requirements. The management requires observing, interacting and considering with the employees for getting the best results from them. References Alvesson, M., 2012.Understanding organizational culture. Sage. Bauer, G.F. and Jenny, G.J., 2014.Salutogenic organizations and change. Springer. Bolman, L.G. and Deal, T.E., 2017.Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership. John Wiley Sons. Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2012.Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Hurrell, J.W., Holland, M.M., Gent, P.R., Ghan, S., Kay, J.E., Kushner, P.J., Lamarque, J.F., Large, W.G., Lawrence, D., Lindsay, K. and Lipscomb, W.H., 2013. The community earth system model: a framework for collaborative research.Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,94(9), pp.1339-1360. Michel, J.W., Kavanagh, M.J. and Tracey, J.B., 2013. Got support? The impact of supportive work practices on the perceptions, motivation, and behavior of customer-contact employees.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,54(2), pp.161-173. Miner, J.B., 2015.Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Mohamed, R.K.M.H. and Nor, C.S.M., 2013. The relationship between McGregor's XY theory management style and fulfillment of psychological contract: A literature review.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,3(5), p.715. Patel, P.C., Messersmith, J.G. and Lepak, D.P., 2013. Walking the tightrope: An assessment of the relationship between high-performance work systems and organizational ambidexterity.Academy of Management Journal,56(5), pp.1420-1442. Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Scott, W.R. and Davis, G.F., 2015.Organizations and organizing: Rational, natural and open systems perspectives. Routledge. Weber, Y. and Yedidia Tarba, S., 2012. Mergers and acquisitions process: The use of corporate culture analysis.Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal,19(3), pp.288-303.